ENTREPRENEURSHIP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Coursework Example It has been expressed by analysts that fresh cold sandwiches ingredient with green vegetables are abundantly desirable among the various levels of people. Hence, after analysis of different business analysts’ views and market researchers, it has been decided to start a fast food restaurant business in London. Hence, as an entrepreneur, it is essential to build plan and execute a start up fast food restaurant business in the competitive market of the London. Based on the market research, the restaurant will be serving fresh and healthy hamburgers and green vegetable sandwiches to the customers. Paramount importance will be provided on service and food quality to ensure greater customer satisfaction. The interiors of the restaurant will also be considered as an important aspect for attracting substantial customer base. Accordingly, the restaurant will be furnished in traditional style revealing the local culture of the UK. Irrespective of the size of the organisations, structured vision and mission are essential element for channelizing the efforts towards the specific direction. Correspondingly, the vision and mission of the restaurant are driven by the goals of achieving competitive advantage and profit-maximization along with securing growth in the foreign market. The vision of the restaurant is to deliver utmost customer satisfaction through deliverance of healthy food items at affordable prices. Similarly, the mission of the restaurant is to achieve the position of being most promising and leading competitor in the fast food business industry in the UK and to attain rapid expansion in other parts of the world as well (Gartenstein, n.d.). Businesses, irrespective of size have foremost objectives to achieve extreme competitive traction and customer satisfaction to ensure profitable growth. Correspondingly, below is the list of objectives which the restaurant intends to achieve within the five years’ time frame. To

Acre Wood Retirement Community Case Study Essay Example for Free

Acre Wood Retirement Community Case Study Essay The pool design was not in tune with the original design, so what was promised was not delivered. Funds allotted were not fully used. Sarah’s complaint in the newspaper would create another legal issue and would invite public outcry against the organization. Ethical issues: The director was not concerned about the welfare of public even though the organization’s mission was to improve the quality of life of its residents both physically and emotionally. Lack of commitment to visit the pool and refusing to look into Sarah’s complaints were other ethical issues. A2.   The behaviour of director only promoted greed (underutilization of money), irresponsibility (refusing to visit the pool and not listening to the complaints), unethical practices (not concerned about public safety; totally against the organization’s vision) and partiality (promoting Gene who wasn’t complaining) A3.   A role model is some one who inspires, motivates and ultimately brings out the best in the follower by making him realize his own potential. Ethics are one of the key determinants of a role model. An ethical role model is one who puts his organization’s goal ahead of his personal goals, who does not promote malpractices, who is always ready to look in to matters which interest public health and welfare and one who is always ready to listen to his employees suggestion. The director had all the qualities missing which surely don’t make him an ethical role model.

Lucky :: Personal Narrative Writing

Lucky When I was little, I used to dream about being the Governor of Hong Kong. I still remember the composition I wrote in my primary school, in which I conveyed my vision and even outlined the policies I planned to carry out once I became the leader of the government. After a few years, I realized that it was almost impossible for me to be the Governor of Hong Kong, because the position was in fact appointed by the British government. This was a piece of disheartening news. I tried to console myself by saying that at least I had aimed at entering politics. In my mind, politicians are not only smart, but also selfless and I sincerely appreciated their contribution to the society. In Hong Kong, however, it was unusual, if not odd, for a young boy to want to be a politician. You might accuse me of over-generalizing, but this was what I thought at that time. A few years later, as my general knowledge of the world outside my classroom gradually developed, a gleam of light was shed on my dream again. I realized that Hong Kong people would eventually have the chance to choose their own governor some years after the handover of Hong Kong back to Mainland China in 1997. The idea of Hong Kong being returned to China was frightening to many Hong Kong people in the early 80s, but the handover turned out to be a joyful and memorable moment for most of the citizens. Today, Hong Kong is no longer a colony of Britain and Chinese are holding most of the top positions in the government. More significantly, the Governor, now renamed as the Chief Executive, is also Chinese. In other words, I still have my chance. I am convinced that not only I, but the Hong Kong community in general welcomes this political change, which brings more power to the hands of Hong Kong citizens. Possessing more political rights seems to be a foreign concept to us, but it definitely sounds like something positive. People used to wonder why Hong Kong people were so indifferent to politics. I think I know the answer now. It is indeed very straightforward. Hong Kong people were essentially unable to make an impact on the government, as we were under the rule of foreigners.

Anne Brontes Agnes Grey and the Critics Essay -- Bronte Agnes Grey Es

Anne Bronte's Agnes Grey and the Critics   Ã‚  Ã‚   Little is known about the composition of Anne Bronte's book Agnes Grey. Many critics believe that the original draft of Agnes Grey was titled, Passages in the Life of an Individual and was written July of 1845. The first edition of the novel was published in 1847 in combination with Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. Through out her life, Anne had written many poems and finished two complete novels. Both of her novels, Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall were published. Anne's sister Charlotte Bronte was an important force in the reasons behind Agnes Grey's publication. The three Bronte sisters were preparing to have their first book of poems published which was titled, Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. During the period that the poems were published, Charlotte made attempts to have three novel published. She wrote to the publishers informing them that Currer, Ellis, and Acton had just finished The Professor, Wuthering Heights, and Agnes Grey. A gentleman by the name of Thomas Newby accepted only Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey. Newby promised Charlotte that he would have 350 copies of the novels published but he continued to procrastinate and not come through on his word. Due to growing frustrations, Charlotte wrote to W.S. Williams of Smith, Elder and complained of the constant delays caused by Mr. Newby.   In 1847, 250 copies were finally published. The novel consisted of three volumes, Wuthering Heights occupied volumes one and two, while Agnes Grey occupied volume three. The first edition of publication among these 250 copies contained many errors. Grammatical errors were seen more in Agnes Grey than in Wuthering Heights. It is with these er... ...of the great authors of her time, but the Bronte's sisters are known around the world for a wonderful compilation of literature that has remained popular and an important part of literary history.    Work Cited Inglesfield, Robert. "Introduction to Agnes Grey" (1988). Pp. XI. Douglas Ferrold's Weekly Newspaper January 15 1848. Atlas January 22, 1848. Both critics unknown Moore, George. "Conversations in Ebury Street." (1924) NineteenthCentury  Ã‚   Literature Criticism, Volume 4 pp.42-43.<o:p></o:p> Nineteenth -Century Literature Criticism Vol. 4 pp 37-57 Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism Volume 4 pp 40 GrahamsMagazine (1850) Vol. XXXVI, No 2, page 167. (Author   unknown).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sinclair, Mary . "Introduction to the Tenant of Wildfell Hall." (1914) Pp. v-viii. <o:p></o:p>

Why was the Supreme Court built in 2010 and how effective has it been at upholding civil liberties?

The Supreme Court was introduced in 2010 as a replacement for the House of Lords as the top law court of justice in the UK, Wales and Northern Ireland. This court has cost approximately 59 million pounds to build and was officially open on 1st October 2009. The enactment of the Supreme Court came about under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (The Supreme Court [Online], 2010) and currently stands as the chief justice in the UK. The main focus of this essay is to examine how The Supreme Court prioritises in the development of the United Kingdom Law thus playing an important task at maintaining fundamental individual rights. Being the most prominent judiciary in the UK, it is also vital to see the difference between The Supreme Court and the previous House of Lords Committee in which The Supreme Court has replaced. The major differences are visible in terms of power and the impact it has on the British Constitution. The main reason The Supreme Court was built is due to the Government’s decision on separating the judicial making functions and the legislative duty of the House of Lords, making this the last step in separation of powers. Lord Philip, 2009) stated that it has come to a situation where the adjudicator are absolutely separated from the Legislature and Parliament. (Raynsford, 2010) claimed that it was right for the Prime Minister, prior consultation from the Parliament, to relocate the Ultimate Court of Appeal (The Supreme Court) from the House of Lords as to avoid confusion between the role of the House of Lords and the role of the Court of Appeal. In addition, this separation of power avoids the judiciary from holding absolute power, thus discouraging corruption and bias from the judiciary through politics and media. (Casciani, 2010) stated that after the running of the Supreme Court, 12 Law chancellor from the House of Lords who were hearing appeals in the Parliament is now the Justices of the Supreme Court and are no more partaking in the House of Lord’s affair. Before the enactment of the Supreme Court, senior judges that are currently in the House of Lords were nlightened to apprehend cases that are of great significant to the public and constitution inside the House of Lords itself (The Supreme Court [Online], 2010). They were eligible to vote for the outcome of the cases and sometimes, if any, would have a major relation to personal political interest. However, with a new key reform in place, Parliament will be responsible for making law on favour of the electorate whilst the judges from the Supreme Court focus on the fairness of the new law when applied to cases (BBC News, 2010). Lord Falconer, 2009) suggested that this new reform would strengthen the judiciary, making it possible for the judiciary to go against the executive’s decisions (Prime Minister and his Cabinet) Moreover, a leading judge has told BBC that Britain’s Supreme Court could be more authoritative than the House of Lords department and Lord Neuberger anticipate that the new court of appeal could hold more power than the government (Rozenberg, 2009). It is believed that the judgment of the justices from the Supreme Court will affect the decisions in the lower courts which, in this case, apply to all the courts in the UK (BBC News, 2010). The Supreme Court also emphasise on corruption issues involving governing authorities in Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland, making sure that they abide and commit within the powers granted to them or whether they successfully complete the duty given to the authoritative government in each state. Lord Neuberger argued that there is a real danger that judges will seize more power than what they currently have (Rozenberg, 2009). Therefore, it is likely that the Supreme Court operates the way the United State’s Supreme Court functions which, upon the Court’s decisions, bind every local law in individual states. For instance, if The Supreme Court decides to change the laws in London (the Capital city), other cities have to follow. (Lord Philips, 2009) stated that such situation is ‘possible’ but is ‘not probable’. However, although the Supreme Court has shown many advantages so far in America, criticisms have arisen on the decisions made by the Supreme Court claiming that it weakens the Court as an institution where the institution is the ultimate guardian under the Constitution of the rights and liberties (Fraenkel, 1960). Lord Phillips who has commented on various contentious subjects in the past states that there was no reason to why Sharia law could not be used to resolve disputes amongst Muslims provided that the sanctions complied with the laws of England and Wales. Furthermore, he openly defended the Human Rights Act, calling it â€Å"a crucial constituent of the basic of our fight against terrorism† and was responsible for handing down the judgement requiring the Director of Public Prosecutions to clarify with certainty the law on assisted suicide (Mitchell, 2011). Lord Phillips added that the decree of the Human Rights Act by the previous administration was an absolute contribution to the maintenance of the rule of law in this country and one for which it deserves great credit (Rothwell, 2010). The Human Rights Act 1998 has played its part since the World War on protecting civil rights and allowing immigrants into the UK where Human Rights are not considered vital in their own country. (Lord Philips, 2009) emphasised on the importance of Human Rights, claiming that the rise and support of terrorism lies in the feelings of discrimination in individuals. Therefore, the need to protect every individual’s family members from discrimination in their foster country is vital. However, Charles Clarke criticised the Supreme Court, claiming that the judiciary do not hold inconsiderable accountability for defending the public and occasionally ignorant about their decisions on how it would affect the public society (Rothwell, 2010). Lord Philips defended the liberty of The Supreme Court stating that the judiciary is only responsible for applying the laws that have been constitute by Parliament, not creating it (Rothwell, 2010). Another case reported in BBC news where the Supreme Court is proven to be effective in its duty to defend individual rights is shown when two homosexual men who said they faced persecution in their homeland have the right to asylum in the UK as ruled by the Supreme Court. According to the judgment made by Lord Hope in the case, to restrain a homosexual person to act that his state does not suppress the attitude by which to distinct itself is to deny his domestic right to be who he is hence homosexuals are as much entitled to the freedom which are given to the people who are traight (BBC, 2010). Ultimately, this essay has thoroughly examined the historic foundation of The Supreme Court, its motive to why the government took a stand on separating the Court of Appeal (The Supreme Court) from the House of Lords as well as the colossal impact it has ranging from the public society to the British Constitution. Even though the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, some disadvantages should be considered such as one stated by Charles Clarke, the previous Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords, claiming that the judiciary does not consider the public’s well being. I am very conscious that I have failed to spot on a few vital and intriguing points and other matters on this subject. The Supreme Court is credibly to be not perfect and widely opens itself to criticism, Although the Supreme Court is new (2010) it may seem to remain as the highest court of appeal for all UK’s domestic cases and criminal cases from Wales, Northern Ireland and England, flourishing as the top court in the UK and uphold its liberty as the forefront in the case law world (The Supreme Court, 2010).Biblography * Casciani, D., 2010. Supreme Court quashes Treasury terror assets order. [Online] Available at: < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8482630.stm> Assessed on May 1st 2011 * Fraenkel, O.S., 1960. The Supreme Court and Civil Liberties: How the Court has protected the Bill of Rights. p.4. * Mitchell, N., 2011. Pen Portraits – Lord Phillips. UKSC Blog. [Online] Available at: < http://ukscblog.com/pen-portraits-lord-phillips> Assessed on May 1st 2011 * Raynsford, N, 2009. Creation of the Supreme Court [Online] Available at: < http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ojsQA2W81I> Assessed on May 2nd 2011 * Rothwell, R., 2010. Lord Phillips defends Human Rights Act. Law SocietyGazette. [Online] Available at: < http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/lord-phillips-defends-human-rights-act> Assessed on April 25th 2011 * Rozenberg, J., 2009. Fear over Supreme Court impact. BBC News UK. [Online] Available at: < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8237855.stm> Assessed on May 2nd 2011 * Supreme Court, 2010. Gay asylum seekers from Iran and Cameroon win appeal. BBC News UK. [Online] Available at: Assessed on May 4th 2011 * Supreme Court, 2010. Role of the Supreme Court, [Online] Available at: < http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/about/role-of-the-supreme-court.html> Assessed on May 4th 2011

Gandhi vs. King essays

Gandhi vs. King essays Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. were civil right activists who took a form of action to obtain equal rights amongst their society. Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to serve the Indian population after failing to establish a legal practice in Bombay. Subsequent to moving to South Africa, he recognized many laws that discriminated against Indians and initiated a change by taking action. Gandhi developed his theory of satyagraba (soul force), which implicates social justice through love as well as suffering the consequences. After meeting with a group of Indian nationalists he wrote down his theories in a pamphlet called Hind Swarf or Indian Home Rule. Martin Luther King Jr. did a non-violent campaign in Birmingham Alabama. Birmingham was one of the few cities where the fourth step in Kings non-violent campaign theory called direct action was necessary. Unfortunately, King was jailed on April 12-20, 1963 for violating a court injunction by leading a protest march in Birmingham. While King was in jail, eight Alabama clergymen published a statement criticizing the use of direct action and referred to this approach as unwise and untimely. While incarcerated, King politely responded to their statement in a letter titled Letter from Birmingham City Jail. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mohandas Gandhi developed theories that linked to a system that surpassed governmental laws. King and Gandhi had educational as well as logical reasoning for taking each approach towards unjust laws. Mohandas Gandhi based his document on defining the true meaning of civilization where as Martin Luther King Jr. based his document on recognizing the reason he wanted to cease injustice. Both Gandhi and King discussed reasons regarding the use of non-violent actions to fight for their rights. Gandhi differentiates the definition the word civilization...

Macarthur Contoversy Essays - Military

Politics And The Truman/ Macarthur Contoversy Essays - Military Politics And The Truman/ Macarthur Contoversy July 7,2000 Politics and the Truman/MacArthur Controversy The precarious peace following World War II was at times only seconds from degenerating into a world wide nuclear war. The intensity of the cold war allowed for minimal error in foreign policy. It was during this tense and volatile time that General Douglas MacArthur fought what some deem his war in Korea. While he had proven himself time and again a brilliant military leader, his behavior was not impeccable. He tended to rely too much on his own authority, a trait not dear to Congress or the President. It was this tendency towards insubordination and his flagrant vocal outbursts that resulted in his dismissal on April 11, 1951, by President Harry S. Truman.1 The outcome of World War II left the world in an unprecedented situation. The two primary Allied powers, the United States, a capitalist nation, and the Soviet Union, a communist nation, were political polar opposites. The differences between the two political ideologies lent the two nations to a natural rivalry. The post World War II world was a prime playing field for this rivalry to unfold. Most of the world powers had been completely devastated, leaving formerly self-sufficient nations and their colonies in complete governmental and economic disarray. Subsequently they were susceptible to the influence of anyone offering assistance either governmentally of economically. Hence, the rivalry that had begun prior to the war was foregone out of the necessity to defeat a common foe once again began again in earnest. It was against this backdrop of fear and the burgeoning Cold War that General MacArthur would wage his war in Korea. The Soviet Union felt that the spread of communism was imminent and set about to assist that trend. At the same time the Soviet Union wanted to ensure that they would not be invaded again. If control of Eastern Europe could be retained they would be n essence killing two birds with one stone, furthering their political ideology and creating a buffer zone between themselves and anyone wishing to invade the Soviet Union. The United States was convinced that the soviets were intent upon the world domination of communism and that they would aggressively pursue that goal.2 This coupled with the blossoming of nuclear technology elevated the stakes. The United States had effectively ended World War II with the dropping of the atom bomb in Japan.Soviet nuclear technology was not far behind thanks to the infiltration of American government by soviet spies. Until the onset of the Cold War Korea would have been a non issue. .A remote place in respect to the United States, a war on behalf of Korea would never have occurred prior to the cold war and its foreign policies. However, the intense competition between communism and capitalism worldwide was enough to make the political status of Korea an important issue in American politics.3 When China became a communist nation the United States became willing to go to great lengths to ensure that no other East Asian nations succumbed to Communism. Thus a civil war in Korea led by a communist regime resulted in American intervention. This situation evolved into the Korean War. True to its oath to go to all lengths to contain communism, the United States dispatched its most decorated general, Douglas MacArthur, to head the forces in Korea. General Douglas MacArthur had been in the Far East for many years. Prior to the war general Macarthur had been commander in the Philippines and during the war he had led the Allied forces in the Far East. At the close of the war he had been appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in the Pacific. It was only natural that he would take control of the Koran situation. General MacArthur had proven himself a brilliant commander during the war and was very aware of his own successes. The fact that he had lived in the region for so long also led him to the conclusion that he understood the situation in the Far East more fully that any other American. These two beliefs played a large part in the culmination of events that led to the dismissal of General

How Nail Polish Works and What Its Made Of

How Nail Polish Works and What It's Made Of Nail polish is a type of lacquer thats used to decorate fingernails and toenails. Because it has to be strong, flexible and resist chipping and peeling, nail polish contains a number of chemicals. Heres a look at the chemical composition of nail polish and the function of each of the ingredients. Chemical Composition of Nail Polish Basic clear nail polish can be made from nitrocellulose dissolved in butyl acetate or ethyl acetate. The nitrocellulose forms a shiny film as the acetate solvent evaporates. However, most polishes contain an extensive list of ingredients. Solvents Solvents are liquids used to mix other ingredients in nail polish to yield a uniform product. Usually, the first ingredient(s) in nail polish are solvents. Once you apply the polish, the solvents evaporate away. The amount and type of solvent determine how thick a polish is and how long it will take to dry. Examples of solvents include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,  and alcohol. Toluene, xylene,  and formalin or formaldehyde are toxic chemicals that were once common in nail polish but are rarely found now or found only in low concentrations. Film Formers Film formers are chemicals that form the smooth surface on a coat of nail polish. The most common film former is nitrocellulose. Resins Resins make the film adhere to the nail bed. Resins are ingredients that add depth, gloss,  and hardness to the film of nail polish. An example of a polymer used as a resin in nail polish is tosylamide-formaldehyde resin. Plasticizers While resins and film formers give polish strength and gloss, they produce a brittle lacquer. Plasticizers are chemicals that help keep polish flexible and reduce the chance that it will crack or chip, which they do by linking to polymer chains and increasing the distance between them. Camphor is a common plasticizer. Pigments Pigments are chemicals that add color to nail polish. An astonishing variety of chemicals may be used as nail polish pigments. Common pigments include iron oxides and other colorants, such as youd find in paint or varnish. Pearls Nail polish that has a shimmery or glittery effect may contain pearlescent minerals, such as titanium dioxide or ground mica. Some polishes may contain bits of plastic glitter or other additives that produce a special effect.   Additional Ingredients Nail polishes may contain thickening agents, such as stearalkonium hectorite, to keep the other ingredients from separating and to make the polish easier to apply. Some polishes contain ultraviolet filters, such as benozophenone-1, which help prevent discoloration when the polish is exposed to sunlight or other forms of ultraviolet light.

American Government - Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Government - - Research Paper Example The U.S. subsequent involvement in Afghanistan may go down as one of the most controversial policy decisions in American history (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir). Indeed, there are a number of complex questions involved when determining the moral and political justifications behind the policy in Afghanistan. This essay functions to considers the United States policy in Afghanistan in relation to factors and issues affecting the topic, the current status of the topic, and future concerns of the policy. One of the main justifications of the United States involvement in Afghanistan is the belief that Al Qaeda’s attack on the United States violated the "just war" theory. The just war theory explains that only government led groups can lead an attack, but they must do so for a just cause. It’s been said that Al Qaeda broke the just war theory because they attacked civilians with no cause. Furthermore, the attack on the Pentagon, one could argue, was a government driven attack. The subsequent war represents the American response to the threat. There is no doubt that the American response had its economic and strategic interests, but the essential reason for the America’s actions following September 11 many believe is for the defense of freedom (Bennis). Supporters of the war in Afghanistan believe in the progress that can be made in defending freedom and democracy anywhere in the world. Indeed, freedom became after September 11 an all-purpose explanation for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The wars conducted by the United States were justified as a response to the terrorist attacks which aimed the basic liberties of the American society. Freedom was soon perceived as an American good that must be promoted everywhere and the United States was seen as having the moral duty of promoting democracy throughout the world. While it is yet to be seen if the attempted change in the political system of Afghanistan represents progress, supporters of the war beli eve that democracy in the Middle East will eventually lead to progress. Even as the war policy in Afghanistan was initially justified as a means of national security, the United States’ longevity and continued presence many argue has proved to be problematic. While the war policy might have started along well-justified measures, it’s argued that it now carries a toll on the American population (Rashid). Within this spectrum of understanding there are a number of points policy opponents have raised. One important reason that individuals must consider is peoples’ safety here at home. While the War on Terrorism has been sold as fighting the terrorist abroad so they must not be fought at home, this seems a somewhat specious concept. Military recruiting is down. Young people do not want to join the Armed Forces when it is quite clear they could die in Afghanistan. This shortage results in fewer qualified members of the armed forces, and leaves fewer in America to pro tect against terrorism and attack. There have already been reported over 2,600 coalition force member deaths. That includes 2,463 Americans. Almost 18,000 military personnel have been wounded during the war, and thousands of Iraqis and insurgents have also died during the fighting (BBC 2009). This human cost may be the most difficult consequence of the war to bear. Innocent people did die on September 11th and nobody deserves the pain and agony of the terrorist’s terrible actions, but now it’

Critically examine British government policies directed towards Essay

Critically examine British government policies directed towards prostitution - Essay Example The problem of prostitution in the UK is often more than just the expansion of the sex industry; it is integrally related to the increase of trade on the street and the crimes associated with it. In February 2003, 31 policemen in Glasgow arrested women in an anti-prostitution clampdown ranged over 48 hours as a result of their provocation by the angry residents. In this operation, no men were arrested. A vast majority of the women engaged in the act of street prostitution are either crack cocaine addicts or are on heroin or both. Most of the prostitution in the UK happens in the outdoors city and the indoor scene is small. Women that are engaged in the street prostitution are exposed to sexual or physical violence in the disproportionate levels. Prostitution is one of the leading causes of suspicious deaths and assassination of women in the UK. Acceptance of the lap dancing among the celebrities and the businesses as well as broadcasting of the lap dancing in the television programs provides evidence for its relative success. Normalization has placed emphasis upon the aspects that were more acceptable like small brothels and escort agencies. Regulation can be understood as a half-way house arrangement that constitutes different approaches and regimes, that include but are not limited to a reactive nuisance response with the resident clampdowns upon customers and especially women, and a blind eye approach in which reigns informal tolerance. â€Å"The legal regulation of prostitution in the UK was set out in the Sexual Offences Act 1956, which reflected the findings of the Wolfenden Committee investigation into prostitution and homosexuality that took place around that time† (politics.co.uk, 2012). Prostitution in the Wolfenden Committee was treated as a moral issue as was evident from the Act’s text. This became the basis of the popular debates between Herbert Hart and Lord Devlin. By the end of the year 2003, the Home Office declared its plans to revise

Political World Leaders of World War II Research Paper

Political World Leaders of World War II - Research Paper Example The paper tells that both leaders have left significant different memories, one of which is the unforgettable holocaust initiated by Fuhrer Adolf Hitler and a successful giant leap of economic redemption of Singapore from a Third World country to become another Asian Tiger country within the three decades of Lee Kuan Yew’s rule. Each leader delivered significant changes that they now deserve to be called great icons in the history of world leaders. Adolf Hitler who was the reason for the outbreak of World War II and Lee Kuan Yew who transformed Singapore from a Third World country to another Asian Tiger country, have been chosen and juxtaposed to learn the similarities and contrasts of their qualities and styles as leaders as well as how their reigns brought impact to the world.   Credited to Hitler’s achievements were as follows: â€Å"awarded the Iron Cross, First Class in December 1914†; â€Å"annexation of Austria and Sudetenland†; wrote the book â⠂¬ËœMein Kampf’ where it was an anti-Semitic, anti-Communist diatribe outlining his strategy for remaking Germany and becoming a conquering power throughout Europe†. â€Å"By 1938 Hitler had made Germany the most powerful and feared country in Europe (and perhaps in the world)†. â€Å"Majority of the German people supported him because they saw during his early leadership to his credit how unemployment virtually disappeared, the rising prosperity of the masses, the new social institutions and the increase of German prestige in the 1930’s.’s. All these achievements of Hitler were unparalleled in the histories of other modern totalitarian dictatorship† (Hitler, A. 2011). On the other hand, achievements credited to Yew include: redemption of Singapore from a Third World Country to become an Asian Tiger country now aligned with other rich Asian countries like Japan, Hongkong, and Taiwan. Singapore is now an envy of many neighboring Asian countrie s. Of Lee Kuan Yew’s outstanding achievements in redeeming Singapore, eradication of corruption was best recognized and envied by many ASEAN nations because ‘Corruption’ has alwaysbeen considered a systemic problem commonly found and associated with Third World nations (underdeveloped countries) including most Asian countries. Other Yew’s achievements include the substantial â€Å"increase in the living standards (Loh,K. 2011)† in this country: â€Å"As Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew presided over an exponential increase in Singapore's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from US$704 million in 1960 to US$38 billion in 1990. This figure currently stands at US$222 billion, or over 300 times its level in 1960. Adjusting for cost of living differences, Singapore's GDP per capita was ranked 3rd

Effective Organizational Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effective Organizational Transformation - Essay Example Hence, it is imperative for the organizations to be cognizant of the inherent complexity of an organizational transformation, to avoid any confusion or possible frustrations. Organizational transformation mostly affects an entire organization and do brings in ample confusion and chaos in its wake. Therefore, the involved stakeholders need to be willing and prepared to act and operate in an environment defined by ample change, amorphousness and uncertainty. Besides, there aught to be an optimum awareness at all the levels within and organization regarding the multiple phases of change and the knowledge, attitude and expertise required to manage each specific phase. In the given context, an acknowledgement of some key elements involving organizational transformation does help. Vision- Any successful organizational transformation largely is dependent on a clear and lucid vision. A flawless vision does happen to be an essential ingredient of any well-managed organizational transformation.

Personal Development Plan that Would Help in Studies Scholarship Essay

Personal Development Plan that Would Help in Studies - Scholarship Essay Example There are only 24 hours in a day and 7 days in a week, and like most students, I want to do many things like enjoying my life whilst I learn and do well in my studies. If I do not manage time very well, I will not achieve both, and I put my long-term goals and objectives in danger. The starting point of time management is having clear goals in life. I would like to begin my personal strategic analysis by defining my personal mission and vision statements and the core values that guide me in life. I define my Mission as the basic purpose of why I think I exist. I define my Vision as my aspiration in life, what I want to achieve in the future. I define my Core Values as the standards of personal and professional behaviour that will guide me in realising my mission and attaining my vision (Cottrell 12). I believe that without a clear direction of where I want to go, why I want to go there, and the basic rules that will guide me in this journey of my life, it will be difficult for me to reach my destination, much less know how I will get there (Maxwell 168). I always try to find a reason for everything I do, and in this story of my life, I feel that I have a specific mission that it is my purpose, my destiny that is mine alone to fulfil. If this is my purpose, how and what do I see myself doing in the future What is my vision My vision is to be one of the best professionals in the world in whatever it is I decide to do. I have many interests, and I think it would be too early to be too specific. At this stage, I aim to be good in what I do, and for this, I need to learn how to manage my time well. The first step is to have a clear set of priorities so that when there is a conflict between two or more activities, I would do whichever is more important according to the priorities that I have.  

Effective Organizational Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effective Organizational Transformation - Essay Example Hence, it is imperative for the organizations to be cognizant of the inherent complexity of an organizational transformation, to avoid any confusion or possible frustrations. Organizational transformation mostly affects an entire organization and do brings in ample confusion and chaos in its wake. Therefore, the involved stakeholders need to be willing and prepared to act and operate in an environment defined by ample change, amorphousness and uncertainty. Besides, there aught to be an optimum awareness at all the levels within and organization regarding the multiple phases of change and the knowledge, attitude and expertise required to manage each specific phase. In the given context, an acknowledgement of some key elements involving organizational transformation does help. Vision- Any successful organizational transformation largely is dependent on a clear and lucid vision. A flawless vision does happen to be an essential ingredient of any well-managed organizational transformation.

Analyzing current Fallacies; Peer Counseling on Writing Assignment

Analyzing current Fallacies; Peer Counseling on Writing - Assignment Example This is a situation whereby when one is associated with somebody or is used to someone, he is thought to be like that person and embraces his ideology. â€Å"People think that epilepsy is divine simply because they dont have any idea what causes epilepsy. But I believe that someday we will understand what causes epilepsy, and at that moment, we will cease to believe that its divine. And so it is with everything in the universe† This is a superstitious argument and thus fallacious based on ignorance. I am not confident with this example. â€Å"We have reached a point today where labor-saving devices are good only when they do not throw the worker out of his job.† This is fallacious based on the lack of understanding or misconception. I am confident with this example of fallacy. â€Å"I had become too accustomed to the pseudo-Left new style, whereby if your opponent thought he had identified your lowest possible motive, he was quite certain that he had isolated the only real one. This vulgar method, which is now the norm and the standard in much non-Left journalism as well, is designed to have the effect of making any noisy moron into a master analyst.† This is ad-hominem arguments and thus fallacious. I am not confident with this example. â€Å"Psychobabble attempts to redefine the entire English language just to make a correct statement incorrect. Psychology is the study of why someone would try to do this.† This is a self-justification and thus tagged fallacious. I am confident with this example of fallacy. The following is an example of the fallacy of association; ‘The Republicans are big on this, as when they recently tried to make Barack Obama out to be an extremist because he is associated with Jeremiah Wright and Bill Ayers. If a person knows somebody with extreme views, the implication goes, then that person must be an extremist as well (www.emagill.com/rants/eblog114a.html). Rupert Murdoch: â€Å"Maybe most Moslems [are] peaceful,

Small hospitality businesses Essay Example for Free

Small hospitality businesses Essay Hotel firms provide products which include tangible and intangible elements that combine into an exclusive combination of production and service. While room provision is a pure service activity, food and beverage functions involve processing and retailing processes. This might signify that the actual delivery of hospitality services may diverge widely and that the benefits derived are associated with feelings or emotions. The repercussions are that consumers use biased and contradictory frames of reference to judge the quality of services, presenting difficulties for the hotel operative in satisfying the customer. Customer prejudice is emphasized in Day and Peters comments that â€Å"Quality is rather like pornography in this respect. We may not be able to describe it easily, but we know it when we see it†. Its ambiguity is amplified because high quality service is often delivered by impulsive and since reacts by hotel staff which cannot simply be practiced or scripted, but are even so an important means of client satisfaction. In order to endure and be successful, a business has to make sure that it is producing the goods or services that the customer wants, that it gets its quality right, and that it brings on time. There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that are straight links with the satisfaction of the server and customer, repeat sales and profits. Heskettet al. implies that quality, repeat usage, profits and investment form a self-reinforcing rotation. As a result, despite the apparently indefinable nature of the hotel product, service improvement can represent an important source of competitive advantage because quality in service delivery can lead to more repeat custom and greater sales revenue. Augmented presentation may also benefit managers and staff whose tangible and intangible benefits include job satisfaction, profit sharing and esteem. Small businesses are imperative to the financial health of both developed and developing countries. Gavron et al. (1998) makes a note of the vitality of the hospitality and tourism sector in this regard, in which low barrier to access generally ensure a steady supply of new businesses; at the same time as unproductive or inefficient ones are going through difficulty. Quinn et al. (1992) remarks on the somewhat low capital investment required to start new small tourist businesses. Entry costs can be abridged even for relatively asset-intensive businesses such as hotels, through leasing or through mortgage/loan agreements. Welshand White (1981) describe as resource poverty the inclination of small hospitality businesses to be short of financial backing and management skill and Gavron et al. (1998) refer to this as the reason why 64 per cent of UK small businesses fall short within four years. In Germany, where an inspection is required before an industrialist can start up in business, the rate is 32 per cent. Specific tourism-related statistics are limited, but, for example, Chelland Pittaway (1997) report that almost 50 percent of restaurants did not endure the first two years in their study. The British Venture Capital Association (1996) makes a note that many small business managers are provoked by life style rather than economic and success issues. While this does not automatically mean that they function to insufficient professional standards, it does simply that they may not be motivated to endeavor further improvement in a business which already produces adequate profits. Eggers et al. (1994) note that businesses either look for stabilization or have an expansion orientation. They categorize a series of central business stages and comment that a business which is thriving at one stage may not have the knowledge crucial to uphold success in others. Thus, although small businesses have a vital part in creating tourist satisfaction, they are neither a homogeneous group, nor able to give constantly high service delivery. Benchmarking Camp (1989) and Zairi (1996) observe benchmarking as a way to contrast organizational practice and produce improvement. Smithet al. (1993) classifies the benefits of benchmarking as: †¢ presenting an organization how to better meet client requirements; †¢ recognizing an organization’s strengths and weaknesses; †¢ Inspiring incessant operational enhancement; and †¢ A cost-effective means of gathering inventive ideas. The key classifications of benchmarking are among internal/external and generic/functional (Zairi, 1992). Internal benchmarking contains the sharing of performance pointers between sections of an organization or between divisions in a group (Cross and Leonard, 1994). External benchmarking involves assessment with challengers or peers working in the same industry (Karlof and Ostblom, 1994). Generic/functional benchmarking looks for comparison against organizations or sectors performing parallel activities or facing comparable problems, not essentially in the same industry (Breiter and Kline, 1995; Cook, 1995). Thus the benchmarking of small hospitality/tourism businesses may possibly involve comparison with other such businesses, or with a certain service characteristic such as customer care, in another business segment, such as airlines. Benchmarking in the hospitality industry Organizations have to attain an overall level of performance in order to be competitive. Categorization and grading schemes and awards such as IiP and Excellence through People can act as external enablers that circuitously sway the performance level of an organization as a yield. All these grading and award systems can be acknowledged as benchmarks signifying how businesses execute against a variety of standards. In theory they make it achievable to perk up both systems and service outputs on a continuing basis. To profit from external benchmarking, small tourism businesses must be inspired to reflect and scan. It is essential that external bodies such as TECS, tourist boards and associations, professional bodies and organizations such as British Hospitality Association participate in presenting the benchmarking procedure as a positive and important support to business efficiency. Local bodies involved in destination identification plans which are harmonious with the future plans for the destination. Management needs to build up award and given the instability in the small hospitality sector, it may be that those small businesses which can most profit from benchmarking are the very ones that are deficient of the assets and partiality to carry it out (Micklewright, 1993). Either way, the benchmarking of small organizations against one another is improbable to make a genuine impact on destination preference and tourist satisfaction. It is also noteworthy that the inadequate examples of benchmarking carried out among small tourism businesses have almost all been carried out by external third parties (Coker, 1996; Department of National Heritage, 1996; Johns et al. , 1996;Johns et al. , 1997). Such studies involve small businesses only to give data to external researchers and then gain from the data; there is no need for them to carry out any lively research themselves. Externally instigated approaches to benchmarking comprise classification/grading schemes and awards, which can likewise be used to gauge the performance of small hospitality businesses and to lift standards. In theory, grading schemes create universal benchmark standards against which the individual small businesses are evaluated. They also supply consumers with important information about hotels and other businesses.

The Mis Education Of The Negro Religion Essay

The Mis Education Of The Negro Religion Essay As negroes, we are taught by going to school certain things to look and read at. In art, we are told that European and Greek art are the greatest things to look at pertaining to the arts. In music, we look at classical from great white composers instead of African American ones. We would pick up literature against the African American instead of one thats for the African American. Well Im sad to inform you but this is true. Mr. Woodson saw this when he wrote his book and still today, it is still in effect. We choose to stay mis-educated due to the fact that we as a people do not choose to excel in embracing our minds. At Texas Southern University, we can say that we have a class in African American studies taught by an African American who has been around, traveled, and knows what he or she has been taught through experience. How would you feel that in other universities around the country have that same course but yet taught by a different race? I am not a racist but its time for our race to be not informed but become informed of our past, present, and future. Its funny though. Did you know that most of our political day to day people we see and hear on the news are the most mis-educated people? For instance, Tyler Perry would dress as the most famous cross dressed woman everyone would know, Madea. Is it so that the fact that during the slavery times, the Mamie, was the symbol for keeping the family together? It does but it has a darker meaning. I just had a recent conversation with my sociology teacher but he recently told me that white men love black woman. I knew that already but some white men didnt like the fact white men and black woman were all together. The Mamie was also formed as an unattractive black woman with a big butt and big lips thats always loud. Its tragic the way that other cultures view our women but this Is what is perceived. There are others that does this but this is the most commonly known person to do this but chooses to stay out the publics eye. The one issue with being seen and being mis-educated is the fact that you are educated and youre not doing anything about it. To the publics eye, if you are not in your community involved or have special programs, you are considered a bad role model. In this case you would want your people to succeed and in special made programs. But if your do get the programs right, there is a chance that there will not be any individuality within that person because you would want that person to conform unto society ways. Im not saying the phrase selling out, but your conforming unto your white counterparts takes away what that you have started with that of what you started to think. Its difficult but we need to encourage our black counterparts to be all what we can be. We missed an important mark growing up as being mis-educated. After the Civil war, it was upon the society to show us where our education was supposed to lead us. Systems had to be in place for our education to the white man, it was not viewed as their responsibility. During this time, W.E.B. Dubois had an argument that was saying with this education that we have, we should use it to show philanthropy. We should take the opportunity to learn how be political and be educated like how he was himself. With being so educated as like he was, there should not really be no labor of what he was arguing. Booker T. Washing had a different point of view. Booker T. Washington believed you should go to school and learn trades for a special talent. He doesnt believe in getting all political, he believes in getting an education but yet work hard to achieve the things you want by learning a specific talent. By Mr. Washington being a previous slave, you can see how he stand on this view. Carter G. Woodson stood between both points of views. He believed that because you are just coming from slavery, and the fact you would want to be educated, you should possess both traits. Its obvious that in the new society you would not be accepted because of fear and anger from your white counterparts. Have the knowledge how to work in a special talent to make money and a living and go out and become educated with politics. How can we as a people drift away from our truth? There is one simple way of answering that question, distortion. I was taught in my Fine Arts and Daily Living Class that you should never touch art due to its richness in color and texture. If you do touch it, you ruin hard work that was placed there by the painter. Well in life, if you want to ruin our distort life, then take its history and change it. Should it be a grave unjust that the Negro was reminded of how their inferiority was that they are the true germ carriers? The emergence of syphilis and tuberculosis among African Americans are always emphasized among most diseases. Today, our most commonly known disease in the African American community is HIV. The weird thing is that there is very emphasis on the fact that we are immune to diseases like yellow fever, and influenza which are horrible to whites. History is a delicate subject for most people that study in it. Where does the African American have a place in history? When we think of Africa, we think of the Dark continent with despair instead of the rich culture or minerals such as diamonds and gold. We dont think about the great pyramids of Egypt that is one of the 7 wonders of the world. We would rather think about the exploitations of Caucasians. Apparently at this time, the negro had no place in this curriculum. With teaching of fine arts, instructors usually start with Greece of how the world was influenced with their way. Its kind of ironic that most of all art work from the world came from the Africans. We failed to teach about the Mediterranean melting pot with the Africans bring their, wares, ideas, and blood to influence the history. Their art has influence the history of Greece, Carthage, and Rome. Maybe we choose to ignore the truth of these theories but either way, it happened. In educating the Negro what would happen to the white? For education, what was being thought of about those of outside control for our education. We were to give certain white people glory for the way they came down and gave us education. It is so that they helped established schools, and churches, in which we should be building more wisely then we do. We should believe in the theory that the only way to elevate people is to help them to help themselves. Although there were presidents over universities that were white, the Negro were still in a slave position. A president over one of the schools never entertains an African American in his me. Usually move guest to the dining room. Sometimes the guest would be moved into a guest cottage where they would have to only enter as servants. By no protest from the negroes, this showed cowards, and forever we will be cowards if we dont open up our mouths. It is ok for a white man to be qualified to have a position at a negro school teaching. Commend them. Some positions a white man is better trained to such subject, why object. But if an African American was in his own society under his kind, he can easily develop his own leadership in how not to be a coward and start to show his own individuality. Mentally, we will always be here if we tear each other down to depression. Instead of separation the system of education, we need to understand the sympathy of it. We should take in mind that that process of education is help lead together as one so the world can move better. For the person that truly understands that can truly call themselves an educator. Real education means to live life more easier, and inspire people to live more righteous. The concept of the word friend is a dangerous word for African Americans. When we tend to get in high position in life, we tend to keep underprivileged friends by our side. You can never tell when they will embarrass you in front of other. Just keep in mind that within education, as you move up, there are those that are jealous. The thought of having this education movement is to provide the southern Negroes a chance of education. Something especially to look at was medical school, even which, many would not admit Negroes because of the friction of race. We needed more institutions in the south just like Howard University for southerners because they were starting to become rushed. The shameful status of higher learning is due to the low standards of institutions toward the diploma. To get a job or hold one, you have to be competitive. As long as you dont have the drive to go for more, then you will not receive anymore. The assumption that any school wants you is over now. There should not be any argument against earning higher degrees. Let these degrees be a honor to the training with scholastic distinction. The degree isnt just a piece of paper to make money, its and opportunity of greatness to receive a new life of learning. The worst thing possible with getting an degree is having no idea how to make a living with it. We have always know something about agriculture, and in a land that is abundant, thats how we made a living. The role of business and education was supposed to be an uplift to the race but it still turned out less significant. Instead of going to college with just wanting to know how to work with machines, you should go and learn how to create a machine. Go for majors that will push you into a life that will make you successful. We more people, majoring in math and physics. Those two subjects alone, you will always have a job. As we move with our lives, we should invest money in some enterprises of our own to become successful. It has been discovered that people that never invest in Negro ownerships, always tries to exploit the business and try to find a fault to satisfy themselves. As miseducated Negroes, we would agree to it without actually doing our own research. Shockingly, proportion to the amount of capital invested Negro businesses manifest about as much as a white own business. If a black owner doesnt get his own kind to support will develop depression that he failed his kind, which would cause him to give up. The highly educated negroes believes that since the present day system of capitalism, we have no chance to climb up the economic sphere. There can be no objection to the radical change in time. As for trying to be educated, you cant fault a man for trying to become successful. Professors in this field are not prepared to do the work, and the heads of our institutions should be addressing themselves to study of a situation which threatens the negro with the economy. Our schools that are for trained, dont give us this point of view. We may occasionally learn the parts of stenography and accounting, but we dont know how to apply what we have studied. Our training gives us false conception of life, when we believe that the business world owes us a position of leadership. We have the idea of business training that we used to have of teaching that we could teach anything and study anything. Those that graduate from our business schools, lack the courage to go for working with commission. The majority wants us wants to receive a paycheck at the end of every month. We dont realize that in this day, its good to get paid for the work we have put in. People that do not realize life as what it is, is a horrible representation of business. From the point of view of industry and commerce, then, we show no mental power to understand the situation we find. We apparently read our race from the sphere of education and business. Foreigners see the opportunities to take our businesses and opportunities in which we are scared to take. The main problem is we do not have any people skills in salesmanship. It is sad that we do not understand or not willing to start our own enterprises which could turn into a large corporation one day. If we do not know how to take a chance, we would never know how to take control of the life that is around us. Training is necessary, for the large number of blacks running corporations have not learned business methods and do not understand the possibilities of the field in which they operate. Negro businesses are handicapped, which so, have not developed their own stability and the capacity for its growth. We do not take time to read the business literature and study how the market is doing. We stay in the dark because we do not take the time to get properly trained. Usually when the founder of the business passes away then the actual business dies with him or goes within pieces. All failures are not due to the black business. Often, the owner lacks common sense. If you have a business, stay within your business instead of worrying about others. Keep the managements going within itself. Only with this, we will then become true entrepreneurs. One of the main failures of education is of religion that is being taught. Of its illustration, it paints a picture. Most blacks still belong to these churches but the more educated seem to find their way to evangelical groups. These churches do not measure up to the standard set by school preachers. The church is the great asset of the race. It is connected as part of capital that our race must invest in. The church has taken the lead of education in the school for the race. In neglecting it, they are throwing away what they have, to obtain something which they do need. With many respects, the black churches during different generation become corrupt. Some people say we have not lost our interest in religion, that we have gone into churches with a more open minded view. And then we have a sort of contagious fever which takes away from the churches of their youth others of less formal education. A change of faith is all right in a sense, for those that are closed minded, they would create an argument. Religion is nothing but religion, if they hold up to the faith that they claim. The point here is that the ritualistic churches into which blacks have gone do not touch the masses, and they show no future with racial development. From respect to developing the masses, the black has lost its foundation in recent years. The attitudes of leaders were different then as they are today. Too many blacks go to school to study for test so they can just pass. This attitude is retarded and grows people towards selfishness. Some conditions show that undeveloped black has been left from those that supposed to help him. When a white man sees persons of his own race falling downward to disgrace, he does whatever he can to pick him back up in life. It is sad that that the only institution blacks own is the church. The education of the business, we lack capital, credit, and experience for us to receive wealth to get into a higher culture. Sometimes you will find as many as two store-front churches in a block where Negroes incorporate in heathen-like practices. Although born and brought in the south, Mr. Woodson has never saw such idolatrous tendencies ever. Another area said that we must have new way of doing things and we can call ourselves Methodist. Methodist and Baptists split up on the account of holding slaves. We as blacks chose to imitate them. All of the black Methodists in the world, if unite, would not need more than 12 bishops, and these would have time to direct the affairs of both Methodists and Baptists in a united church. The theology of foreigners too is important on unenlightened people. Whit bringing the joy of conquest to their own camp, they have confused the world with disputes which have divided the church and stimulated division and subdivision to the extent that it no longer functions as a Christian agency for the uplift of all men. While serving as the avenue of the oppressors propaganda, the black church has prevented the union of diversity and has kept the race too weak to overcome purposely taught Negroes. This is important to the control of the inferior race. Someone just sits back and plots while the other one acts. We must hold blacks responsible for following these ignorant to this nonsense with which they have confused thoughtless people. As what has been said before, we tend to do what we are told instead of asking for the meaning for our actions. Our leaders know better but because of their miseducation, many will always tend to be miseducated. In chapter 7, Dr. Woodson continues his discussion of the church. He mentions how in the past African Americans have been mis-educated based on training. Dr. Woodson references how the highly educated Negro has become so intellectual in his understanding of religion. We should not just allow ourselves to just not ask questions referring what study but question it. He also discusses the concept of rituals and how this does not help in racial development. Dr. Woodson also cautions African Americans that they must always remember that the African Americans learned their religion from the early White Methodist and Baptist who evangelized the slaves and the poor Whites. So the questions become, is the Black Church a pattern of the White mans church? Have Black churches become the dumping ground for uneducated people carrying the Bible? If we are still mis educated, then we are an imitation of the white church that was for slavery. We were segregated when we were taught or told what or how we were supposed to live under the bible. According to Dr. Woodsons findings, African Americans had been discouraged in the pursuit of the professions other than the ministry and teaching. Dr. Woodson noted several reasons why African Americans lacked degrees in fields such as medicine, law, architecture, etc. Some Black parents had failed to encourage their children to pursue professional degrees. Some Black professional schools had closed because of the small number of students enrolled. Woodson further asserted that these closings came at a very difficult time. Under the separate but equal doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), law schools were desperately needed to train lawyers to protect African Americans civil and political rights. Woodson also suggested that too many highly educated individual Woodson asserts the lack of political education among African Americans in the 1930s. This was due to actions taken by Whites. For years, textbooks produced specifically for Black students did not include the U.S. Constitution. One state legislature prohibited the inclusion of the Constitution in history textbooks citing the fear that Black students would read it and attempt to demand or even assert their rights. Black education had to have as its foundation, the assurance that Blacks would not compete with Whites. It was well understood that if by the teaching of history the White man could be further assured of his superiority and the Negro could be made to feel that he had always been a failure, and that the subjugation of his will to some other race is necessary the freedman, then, would still be a slave. As long as Southern apologists controlled what was in history textbooks, they could teach that slavery was a benevolent institution and that radical abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison and John Brown caused the unnecessary Civil War. Without knowledge of the changes in the U.S. Constitution, the civil rights established by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments could be ignored and denied to Black citizens. Woodsons overall message in this chapter is captured in the quote: If you can control a mans thinking you do not have to worry about his action. When you determine what a man shall think you do not have to concern yourself about what he will do. If you make a man feel that he is inferior, you do not have to compel him to accept an inferior status, for he will seek it himself. If you make a man think that he is justly an outcast, you do not have to order him to the back door. He will go without being told and if there is no back door, his very nature will demand one.uals had perpetuated the belief that Black professionals were not capable of meeting the demands of their professions. This belief among some highly educated Blacks and Whites often discouraged Black students from pursuing professional degrees In chapter ten, Dr. Woodson emphasizes that there was a loss of vision. This loss of vision was due to African Americans not thinking for themselves. Dr. Woodson provides an example of this when he discusses some highly educated individuals. Denied participation in the higher things of life, the educated Negro himself joins, too, with ill designing persons to handicap his people by systematized exploitation. Dr. Woodson also discusses this loss of vision in terms of the lack of confidence. Dr. Woodson declared that the lack of confidence of the Negro in himself and in his possibilities is what has kept him down. Dr. Woodson emphasizes that until the Negro employs new ways of thinking, there will be no change in his condition, and he will always remain oppressed. In this chapter, Dr. Carter G. Woodson discusses why there is a greater need for service rather than leadership in Black Communities. He mentions how the African American community has had problems with its leadership in the past. Negroes often find themselves giving money and moral support to various persons and institutions that influence the race in the wrong wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The race needs workers not leaders-workers will solve the problems which race leaders talk about and raise money to enable them to talk more and more In this chapter, Dr. Woodson discusses the concept of hirelings as opposed to public servants. A hireling is a person who is paid to serve. Dr. Woodson defines the real servant of the people as one who lives among them, thinks with them, feels for them, and perhaps dies for them. Dr. Woodson emphasizes the value of learning about Black history. He discusses how this history has not been taught, but European history has been promoted. When Woodson asked Black college administrators, they responded, We do not offer here any course in Negro history, Negro literature, or race relations, recently said a professor of a Negro college. We study the Negro along with other people.' However, Woodson believed, No one can be thoroughly educated until he learns as much about the Negro as he knows about other people. Unfortunately, Woodson reported that, Upon examining the recent catalogues of the leading Negro colleges, one finds that invariably they give courses in ancient, medieval, and modern Europe, but they do not give such courses in ancient, medieval, and modern Africa. As you explore this chapter, reflect on the impact that having an accurate understanding of African American history will have on current and future generations of all Americans. In chapter 14, Dr. Woodson describes a new program for the education of the Black American. The substance of Woodsons New Program centers around the study of Black life during the antebellum period. Ignorance of the antebellum era and the valuable cultural practices Africans brought with them from Africa must be addressed. These assumptions prevent current Black students from being equipped to handle the social problems of today. Woodson compares the aims of the New Program with the successful education of the Filipinos. The first highly educated Americans into the conquered Philippine Islands after the Spanish American War in 1898 tried to teach the Filipinos the same way and with the same material used to teach American children. This strategy met with failure. An insurance man, who had never been an educator, came up with a plan that worked. He realized that to teach the Filipinos, it was necessary to make the learning relevant to their daily lives. These children needed to be taught through the use of objects from their own culture. Using this strategy, Woodson suggests that the education of the Black American would emphasize Black American culture. The accomplishments of American heroes should not be ignored; but the accomplishments of Black Americans have to be given equal time, honor and respect. According to Dr. Woodson, schools were not preparing Black students to make a living. He argued that the schools that African American students attended had outmoded equipment that needed to be replaced by more advanced technology. He believed there should be a shift in the type of instruction that African Americans were given, and also in the educational approaches of those providing the instruction. Dr. Woodson further asserted that Black Americans needed to change the way they thought about and spent their money. He was particularly concerned with those African Americans who practiced conspicuous consumption, excessive and unnecessary purchases that give the impression that one has more money than one actually does. Woodson wrote, conspicuous consumption is a result of successful enterprise, not the road to enterprise. They [Blacks] should concentrate on the wise use of their money, and the evil that results from the misuse of it. What would be examples of conspicuous consumption in the present-day Black community? Above all, Woodson uses this chapter to argue that African Americans should adopt wise, informed, and astute business practices. These practices, he offers, will help African Americans achieve a strong and healthy economic future. Dr. Woodson believed that Black students need to go into professional arenas to serve members of the race. Black lawyers are needed to address certain aspects of law, which affect African Americans more than others. Black lawyers need to know more about the people that they serve to meet the special needs of these people. According to Woodson, in the past too many cases before the Supreme Court had been lost because the lawyers lacked the knowledge to present their cases properly to the court. Woodson suggested that law schools needed to expand course work in Constitutional law to prepare lawyers to protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Because of the lack of desire on the part of some White physicians for physical contact with Black patients, Black doctors had a better chance of working among their people than the Black lawyers. However, all too often Negro doctors had entered the profession to increase their income and spend it on joyous living. Instead of spending money without thought or care, Woodson argued that these doctors needed to focus on research and dedication to the Black community. Woodson also felt that Black students should not limit their professional aspirations to medicine and law. Woodson also wanted African Americans to pursue careers in the arts. He wrote that African Americans had demonstrated an aptitude for the arts. However, because African Americans contributions were not always recognized in the United States, Woodson felt that the Black artist should seek appreciation for his or her craft in Europe or other places. In Europe, the Negro artist is not seen as an imitator, Woodson wrote. There is a desire among Europeans to view the art of the African not from the vantage point of the oppressor, but from the Negro himself. In chapter 17, Woodson placed a great deal of emphasis on politics. Woodson maintained that in politics, African Americans should not only be concerned with issues that concerned them exclusively, but they should address problems facing others as well. Woodson also argues that in politics, African Americans should not join or vote for a political party to reward the dead for some favors done in the distant past. This is clearly a reference to the practice of Black voters in the past supporting the Republican party because of Abraham Lincoln. Beyond politics, Woodson called for Black Americans to fully participate in the American economy. In addressing economic issues, Woodson argued that African Americans could make improvements in their social lives and contribute to the advancement of the entire society. Woodson suggested that African Americans ought to be radical in approaching economic and social change. This radicalism should come from within, or based on their experiences as formerly enslaved and impoverished workers in the American economy. Dr. Woodson emphasizes again the importance of studying and knowing African American History. He explains how many Blacks hate their history, but are taught torespect others history.

Go Ask Alice :: essays research papers

The 1970s was a time of change. A time of revolution. War was the topic of nearly all conversations and sex and drugs were on everyone’s minds. While boogie fever swept dance floors, young men were sent off to die in a war that they could never win. Richard Nixon was in office and his scandal was to influence politics for years to come. The bright blue bell-bottom pants with the pink and orange flowers sewed on were the coolest thing†¦oh excuse me, I mean the â€Å"grooviest† thing to have. Big cars were the big thing and inflation was as â€Å"high† as the teenagers smoking pot and shooting heroin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This was the 1970s. Alice of â€Å"Go Ask Alice† would have been greatly influenced by this era of time. Although she had cleaned up her act, Alice most likely would have had trouble resisting the temptation provided by her peers to smoke, make love, and have the time of her life. Although one cannot say that for sure. Counseling also became much more readily available to people afflicted with addictions. So, maybe Alice would have been okay. There’s no way to really tell. One can be certain though that with her steadfast and determined way of thinking, she probably would have been protesting the Vietnam War from the very start and the right of nuclear power plants to be in operative mode. She probably would have thought President Nixon to be one of the biggest moron ever to live, and she most likely would have been out on the streets. Not living the life of an addicted druggie though, but rather counseling others on how to clean up their acts and ge t on with their lives. I think Alice would have made a really good life for herself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course, these weren’t the only things going on during the seventies. Everyone always thinks of the above mentioned obvious events. I mean, the 70s were the Sex Revolution, and the Drug Revolution, and the Protest Revolution era of time. Everyone knows that. But other things occurred during this troublesome decade that would have affected and even re-molded many lives, including Alice. For example, many other wars were breaking out and many others were beginning to cool off. The Yom Kippur War began in 1973 while the Cold War was ceasing between the US, the Soviet Union and China. The terrorist act at the 1972 Munich Olympics shocked many people and the OPEC oil embargo in 1973 had a great impact on society.

Human History Essays -- Informative, Civilizations

God began His greatest work of creation. When God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground"(Genesis 1:26). As with the story of Adam and Eve in the Hebrew Bible, their goal was to define the moral principles that people thought should govern their dealing with the supernatural world, with each other, and with the rest of nature (Bulliet, â€Å"et al.† p.5). Evidences began to accumulate that human being had quite different origins somewhere in the nineteenth century. How can anyone believe in evolution, how could they think that it was possible for humanity to exist after being evolved from apes? To believe that this statement is true is to also believe that God was an ape too if we were created in his image. Evidences has also point out discoveries found of humans living in other part of the continents by their paintings and engravings on stone from thousands of years early. Migrations from Africa early humans first expanded their range in eastern and southern Africa. They ventured out of Africa. This also points out that this new species displaced older human populations, such as the Neanderthals in Europe, and penetrated for the first time into the Americas, Australia, and the Arctic. People would have been able to cross a land bridge from northeastern Asia in to North America, perhaps beginning around 18,000 B.C.E. some scholar date it earlier or later (Bulliet, â€Å"et al† p.9). It is believe that some early colonizer of the Americas may also have come by boat along the Pacific coast. Some of these early colonizers of the Americas have migrated southwa... ... his crew of ninety men â€Å"departed Friday the third day of august of the year 1492† toward â€Å"the regions of India.† However, there was this question, â€Å"Is the world flat?† Which bring up another question â€Å"What is holding the world up?† And one man quest to find out the answer. The meaning of human history is to realize the purposes of God to make a paradise on earth, to prepare a people for a life in community with a loving and holy God and for all humanity to know who He is. Nevertheless, if Columbus had not decided to taken this voyage one of the consequences would be people of the New World would have been left without the potential knowledge of Christianity and what they needed to know for their salvation. Indians and all other people were converted to the faith of Jesus Christ by the preaching of the word of God and by the example of good and holy living.

Overview Of The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Economics Essay

Indian Pharmaceutical Industry The pharmaceutical industry in India is among the most extremely organized sectors. This industry plays an of import function in advancing and prolonging development in the field of planetary medical specialty. Due to the presence of low cost fabrication installations, educated and skilled work force and inexpensive labour force among others, the industry is set to scale new highs in the Fieldss of production, development, fabrication and research. In 2008, the domestic drug company market in India was expected to be US $ 10.76 billion and this is likely to increase at a compound one-year growing rate of 9.9 per cent until 2010 and later at 9.5 per cent boulder clay the twelvemonth 2015. Industry Tendencies aˆ?The drug company industry by and large grows at about 1.5-1.6 times the Gross Domestic Product growing aˆ?Globally, India ranks 3rd in footings of fabricating drug company merchandises by volume aˆ?The Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to turn at a rate of 9.9 % boulder clay 2010 and after that 9.5 % boulder clay 2015 aˆ?In 2007-08, India exported drugs deserving US $ 7.2 billion in to the US and Europe followed by Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America aˆ?The Indian vaccinum market which was deserving US $ 665 million in 2007-08 is turning at a rate of more than 20 % aˆ?The retail pharmaceutical market in India is expected to traverse US $ 12-13 billion by 2012 aˆ?The Indian drug and pharmaceuticals section received foreign direct investing to the melody of US $ 1.43 billion from April 2000 to December 2008 Challenges Every industry has its ain sets of advantages and disadvantages under which they have to work ; the pharmaceutical industry is no exclusion to this. Some of the challenges the industry faces are: aˆ?Regulatory obstructions aˆ?Lack of proper substructure aˆ?Lack of qualified professionals aˆ?Expensive research equipments aˆ?Lack of academic coaction aˆ?Underdeveloped molecular find plan aˆ?Divide between the industry and survey course of study Drug company Companies in IndiaDishman Pharmaceuticals, Elder Pharmaceuticals, J B Pharmaceuticals, Torrent Pharmaceuticals, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Ranbaxy India, Cadila Pharmaceutical Limited, Wockhardt, Strides Arcolab, IPCA Laboratories, Alembic, Amrutanjan, Virchow Laboratories, Polydrug, Laboratories, Dr. Reddy ‘s Laboratories, Aurobindo Pharma, Jubilant Organosys, Astrazeneca Pharma, Divis Laboratories, Merck Ltd. , Astrazen Pharma, , Abbott India, Aventis Pharma Limited, Glenmark, Pharmaceutical Ltd. , Clarion Drugs, Blue Cross Laboratories, Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited, Lincoln Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Matrix Laboratories Government Enterprises The authorities of India has undertaken several including policy enterprises and revenue enhancement interruptions for the growing of the pharmaceutical concern in India. Some of the steps adopted are: aˆ?Pharmaceutical units are eligible for leaden revenue enhancement decrease at 150 % for the research and development outgo obtained. aˆ?Two new strategies viz. , New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative and the Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Research Program have been launched by the Government. aˆ?The Government is contemplating the creative activity of SRV or particular purpose vehicles with an insurance screen to be used for funding new drug research aˆ?The Department of Pharmaceuticals is chew overing the creative activity of drug research installations which can be used by private companies for research work on rent Pharma Export In the recent old ages, despite the lag witnessed in the planetary economic system, exports from the pharmaceutical industry in India have shown good perkiness in growing. Export has become an of import drive force for growing in this industry with more than 50 % gross coming from the abroad markets. For the fiscal twelvemonth 2008-09 the export of drugs is estimated to be $ 8.25 billion as per the Pharmaceutical Export Council of India, which is an organisation, set up by the Government of India. A study undertaken by FICCI, the oldest industry chamber in India has predicted 16 % growing in the export of India ‘s pharmaceutical growing during 2009-2010. Key participants in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India. Most of the state ‘s demands for pharmaceutical merchandises are met by these companies. Some of them are briefly described below: aˆ?Ranbaxy Labs Limited is the biggest pharmaceutical fabrication company in India. The company is ranked at the 8th place among the planetary generic pharmaceutical companies and has presence in 48 states including universe category fabrication installations in 10 states and serves to clients from over 125 states. Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Net income Results showed a net income of Rs 116.6 crore as compared to Rs 394.5 crore shortage, recorded during the corresponding period last financial. aˆ?Dr. Reddy ‘s Laboratories industries and markets a broad scope of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad. The company has 60 active pharmaceutical ingredients to fabricate drugs, critical attention merchandises, diagnostic kits and biotechnology merchandises. The company has 6 FDA workss that produce active drug company ingredients and 7 FDA inspected and ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified workss. Dr. Reddy ‘s Q1 FY10 consequence shows the grosss of the company at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21 % . During this one-fourth the company introduced 24 new generic merchandises, applied for 22 new generic merchandise enrollments and filed 4 DMFs. aˆ?Cipla is an Indian pharmaceutical company renowned for the industry of low cost anti AIDS drugs. The company ‘s merchandise scope comprises of vermifuges, oncology, anti-bacterials, cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics, nutritionary addendums, anti-ulcerants, anti-asthmatics and corticoids. Cipla besides offers other services like quality control, technology, undertaking assessment, works supply, consulting, commissioning and know-how transportation, support. For the fiscal twelvemonth 2008-09 the company registered an addition of 22 % in gross revenues and other income over the old twelvemonth. aˆ?Nicholas Piramal is the 2nd largest pharmaceutical health care company in India. The trade names manufactured by the company include Gardenal, Ismo, Stemetil, Rejoint, Supradyn, Phensedyl and Haemaccel. Nicholas Piramal has entered into join ventures and confederations with several international corporations like Cheissi, Italy ; IVAX Corp ; UK, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Allergan Inc. , USA etc. aˆ?Glaxo Smithkline ( GSK ) is a United Kingdom based pharma company ; it is the universe ‘s 2nd largest pharmaceutical company. The company ‘s portfolio of drug company merchandises consist of cardinal nervous system, respiratory, oncology, vaccinums, anti-infectives and gastro-intestinal/metabolic merchandises among others. On November 2009, the FDA had announced that the H1N1 vaccinum manufactured by GSK would fall in the list of the four vaccinums approved. aˆ?Zydus Cadila besides known as Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical company located in Gujarat. The company ‘s 1QFY2010 consequences show the net gross revenues at Rs880.3cr which is higher than the estimated Rs773cr. The net net income was Rs124.8cr which was addition of 39 % ; the addition was on history of higher gross revenues and betterment in the OPM. India ‘s Domestic Pharmaceutical Market ( 12 Months Ended January 2009 ) Company Size ( $ Billion ) Market Share ( % ) Growth Rate ( % ) Entire Pharma Market 6.9 100.0 9.9 Cipla.36 5.3 13.4 Ranbaxy.34 5.0 11.5 Glaxo Smithkline.29 4.3 -1.2 Piramal Healthcare.27 3.9 11.7 Zydus Cadila.24 3.6 6.8 Beginning: ORG IMS Future Scenario With several companies slated to do investings in India, the hereafter scenario of the pharmaceutical industry in looks pretty promising. The state ‘s pharmaceutical industry has enormous potency of growing sing all the undertakings that are in the grapevine. Some of the future enterprises are: aˆ?According to a survey by FICCI-Ernst & A ; Young India will open a likely US $ 8 billion market for MNCs selling expensive drugs by 2015 aˆ?The survey besides says that the domestic drug company market is likely to make US $ 20 billion by 2015 aˆ?The Minister of Commerce estimations that US $ 6.31 billion will be invested in the domestic pharmaceutical sector aˆ?Public disbursement on health care is likely to raise from 7 per cent of GDP in 2007 to 13 per cent of GDP by 2015 aˆ?Dr Reddy ‘s Laboratories has tied up with GlaxoSmithKline to develop and market generics and preparations in upcoming markets overseas aˆ?Lupin, a Mumbai based pharmaceutical company is looking to tap chances of about US $ 200 million in the US unwritten preventives market aˆ?Due to the low cost of R & A ; D, the Indian pharmaceutical off-shoring industry is designated to turn out to be a US $ 2.5 billion chance by 2012 Expectation From Budget 2010- Health & A ; Pharmaceutical Industry February 24, 2010- Budget intelligence on budget outlooks by wellness sector of India The Finance Minister of India is merely two yearss off from 26th February, 2010 when he will show the Union Budget 2010-11. This is a really of import fiscal papers for all the sectors of India as it will find how the public presentation of assorted industries is to be financially and otherwise supported by the Government of India. In the budgets of past old ages, high allotments had been made to the flagship programmes of the authorities that includes national wellness excessively among others. The wellness industry that includes natural wellness sector every bit good as pharmaceutical industry of India has high budget outlooks from the Union Budget 10-11 as it hopes for proclamations of believable stairss to be taken to better the quality of public outgo on wellness sector. Issues such as wellness, HIV AIDS, poorness relief, sanitation undertakings, H2O planning and development undertakings, should go on to stay high precedence points on the budget for improved supports and overall development. aˆ?Currently the wellness related in-house R & A ; D disbursals enjoy 150 % leaden tax write-off that should be extended to disbursals on outsourced surveies such as clinical tests and specific research lab surveies. Besides the leaden tax write-off should be raised from 150 % to 200 % . aˆ?On lines of the developed economic systems, the construct of research revenue enhancement credits to countervail future revenue enhancement liability should be introduced. aˆ?State excise responsibility on certain preparations should be brought down from the present 16 % to 8 % . aˆ?Allocation for the National Rural Health Mission should be increased well. aˆ?Excise responsibilities should non be applicable to all indispensable drugs. aˆ?Tax freedom for export oriented units should be extended and the place of new direct revenue enhancement codification on particular economic zones should be made clear. aˆ?Healthcare installations like medical specialties and life salvaging drugs, trained medical forces and physicians, installations for diagnosing of of import diseases and complaints should be extended to the rural India on a precedence footing. aˆ?The wellness industry has many outlooks from Budget 2010 sing subsidies and revenue enhancement inducements on assorted indispensable merchandises such as life salvaging drugs, equipments for diagnostic intents etc. aˆ?Tax freedoms should be given to bing infirmaries and wellness establishments so that more and more infirmaries and wellness establishments in rural countries can be established. aˆ?Keeping in position the long gestation period, the revenue enhancement vacation provided to infirmaries set-up in rural countries should be extended from 5 old ages to 10 old ages. aˆ?The ordinances such as transportation pricing, imposts rating and drug pricing that are like acrimonious experiences for the pharmaceutical companies should be rationalized along with early nidation of Advance pricing understandings and safe seaport regulations. aˆ?Pharmaceutical companies should be allowed for claim of outgo on a self enfranchisement footing or on specified paperss such as CA certificate so that conformity of the jurisprudence is done in hassle free mode. aˆ?In order to cut down the overall cost of intervention of patients, the list of life salvaging drugs eligible for imposts duty freedoms should be extended and the responsibility on medical devices should be reduced. aˆ?Value Added Tax ( VAT ) on medical specialties should be rationalized across provinces with specific freedom of life salvaging drugs and life salvaging medical equipment. aˆ?Drug makers who are non into exports face the issue of accretion of Cenvat recognition in the books due to the difference in the responsibility construction of APIs and FDFs. Measures should be taken for this as there are no commissariats to retrieve the accumulated Cenvat recognition, which finally becomes a cost to such makers.Budget 2010 – Expectations of drug company industryHitesh SharmaThe last budget being impersonal, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has drawn its unfinished docket with the hope that Budget 2010 would turn out to be a redress for the industry. Industry believes that its wish list has a virtue for consideration in this budget as some of these points have non been covered in the aforesaid at hand statute laws.Research revenue enhancement creditsDrying grapevine of new drugs, increased R & A ; D outgo and increased force per unit area in the developed states to convey the wellness attention costs down has compelled MNCs to offshore R & A ; D farth er. While India is perceived as an attractive finish to outsource R & A ; D work due to its low cost and high quality capablenesss, to set India in a prima place, there is a demand to supply drift to such activities in the signifier of revenue enhancement and financial benefits. While presently, weighted revenue enhancement benefit is available for in-house R & A ; D, there are no specific benefits available to units engaged in the concern of R & A ; D. In this respect, the Government can play its function by supplying benefits to units engaged in the concern of R & A ; D by manner of tax write-off from net incomes linked to investings. Further, benefits in the signifier of research revenue enhancement credits, which can be used to countervail future revenue enhancement liability, similar to those given in developed economic systems can besides be considered.Include disbursals related to research done outside R & A ; D labThe Indian drug company infinite has witnessed multiple advan ced moves that have strengthened their ability to do it large in the discovery/R & A ; D infinite. These Indian companies incur immense outgo on abroad tests, readyings of dossiers, consulting/legal fees for NCE ( New Chemicals Entities ) and ANDA ( Abbreviated New Drug Applications ) filings with the US FDA. Besides there is a important sum of legal costs incurred in supporting the patents and merchandises. While presently, leaden tax write-off is available for outgo on in-house R & A ; D installation, the commissariats do non stipulate that the outgo incurred outside the R & A ; D units are eligible for leaden tax write-off. Consequently, industry organic structures have sought the inclusion of outgo minor expense to research carried outside R & A ; D installation in India or in any foreign state, within the scope of leaden tax write-off.Extend revenue enhancement vacation to infirmaries beyond rural countriesThe quality and low cost advantage has boosted the medical touristry in India. Industry study suggests that about 150,000 medical tourer visit India every twelvemonth. Further, medical touristry to India is expected to convey gross of $ 2 billion by 2012. In order to capitalize on the chance and to beef up the place of India as a low cost wellness attention tourer finish, there is a greater demand to set-up more and more province of the art wellness attention installations. Even otherwise, there is a clear instance of augmenting wellness attention system in India. Given that big portion of investing would necessitate to be contributed by private sector, the Government can play its function by supplying financial benefits and widening the bing revenue enhancement vacation to infirmaries set up beyond the rural countries.Subsidy for rural health care substructureSpecifically with respect to rural and semi-urban countries, several companies have taken the enterprise to construct the supply concatenation substructure and develop specific merchandises â€⠀ these stairss are non easy and carry immense investings. To advance the development of these countries and have better entree to healthcare installations, the Government, in add-on to its ain plans, should back up the private sector every bit good — this could be in the signifier of subsidy, sharing substructure with private sector, revenue enhancement inducements and so on.Rationalise appraisal processAs per the industry pattern, Pharma companies reach out to patients through physicians by supplying free samples of drugs to physicians and incur other promotional outgo on seminars and so on for instruction of physicians. This creates consciousness about the drugs and finally helps in hiking the gross revenues of the companies. During the class of assessment proceedings, the gross governments frequently challenge the promotional information and ask for voluminous paperss which are cumbersome to supply. They besides frequently deny revenue enhancement tax write-off on an ad- hoc footing. In this respect, the Government can apologize the commissariats by supplying for claim of outgo on a self enfranchisement footing or on the footing of specified paperss such as CA certification and so on.Harmonize pricing ordinancesTransportation pricing is another country necessitating particular attending for pharmaceuticals industry. While transportation pricing ordinances expect companies covering in active pharmaceuticals ingredients ( APIs ) /finished drug preparations ( FDFs ) imported from related parties to keep higher borders, Drugs Prices Control Order ( DPCO ) places limitations on the terminal merchandising monetary value. Equally customs ordinances create a rearward force per unit area by seeking to look into any undervaluation of imported APIs/ FDFs. There is a clear instance to being in harmoniousness in transportation pricing, imposts and DPCO ordinances. Other issues which pharma companies face is comparing of monetary values of innovator/ research ori ented companies with generic companies without taking awareness of quality and efficaciousness. This causes important adversity for pioneers companies who spend important costs on research. There is an immediate demand to turn to these issues every bit good. Besides, while it is proposed that Advance Pricing Agreements ( APAs ) and safe seaport regulations would be introduced, it needs to be expedited.Extend list of life salvaging drugsOn the indirect revenue enhancement forepart, the Government can look at widening the list of life salvaging drugs, which are eligible for imposts duty freedoms in India. This will take to handiness of life salvaging drugs to the patients at decreased monetary values and conveying down the cost of intervention for these complaints. Further, it could besides see cut downing the responsibility on medical devices which would take to overall decrease in the cost of intervention of patients. Besides, Government could see cut downing basic usage responsibil ity for preparations to five per centum in line with the Chelliah Committee ‘s long-run financial policy recommendation.Rationalise responsibility constructionThe levy of excise responsibility on API at eight per centum and on end product of four per centum has led to accretion of Cenvat recognition in the books of makers, particularly those who are non engaged in exports and cater merely to the domestic market. Further, there are no commissariats to retrieve the accumulated Cenvat recognition, which becomes a cost to such pharma makers. The Government could see rationalizing the responsibility construction by doing it at par with responsibility on concluding end product. Another demand has been to increase the abatement bound allowed for calculation of excise responsibility on medicines, from 35 to 45 per centum. Further, industry has sought rationalization of Value Added Tax ( VAT ) on medical specialties across provinces with specific freedom of life salvaging drugs and lif e salvaging medical devices. In a nutshell, while the planetary developments have led to exciting chances for Indian drug company industry, it is one time once more in hunt of support from the Government to tap the same. On the other manus, the Government is doing advancement in conveying two major revenue enhancement reforms, ie direct revenue enhancement codification, and goods and services revenue enhancement ; they carry an implicit in docket of conveying revenue enhancement reforms, simplification of processs and minimization of revenue enhancement inducements. Given that the Government intends to implement these statute laws in the close hereafter, it appears that it may non convey in any major alterations in this budget. Union budget2010-2011 Budget 2010: Hits & A ; girls for Pharmaceutical industry Excise responsibility on goods covered under the Medicinal and Toiletries Preparation Act, 1955 ( ‘MTPA ‘ – applicable to medical specialties and toilet articless holding intoxicant content ) is reduced from 16 to 10 per centum to convey it at par with standard CENVAT rate. The rate of suspension on covered lavatory readyings has besides been revised from 40 to 35 per centum. Further, the jurisprudence is being amended to supply that the Maximum Retail Price ( MRP ) less applicable suspension would be considered for bear downing Countervailing responsibility ( CVD ) for covered imported goods. There has been rationalization in the import responsibility rate construction for the medical devices section, whereby multiplicity of rates have been done off with and the basic imposts responsibility rate has been reduced to 5 from 7.5 per centum. The levy of Particular CVD @ 4 % has besides been withdrawn, whereas in certain specific instances, such as life salvaging medical equipments ( non imported for personal usage ) , available freedoms have been withdrawn. However, on an overall footing, this move is likely to cut down the cost of intervention for patients and hike medical devices industry. The budget proposal exempts import of pre-packaged goods intended for retail sale, which are covered by MRP commissariats of Standard of Weights and Measures Act or under any other jurisprudence from levy of SACD. This is likely to impact bargainers importing finished dose preparations in pre-packaged signifier for retail sale. The Finance Minister has widened the cyberspace of nonexempt services to include wellness look into up undertaken by infirmaries or medical constitutions for the employees of concern entities and wellness services provided under wellness insurance strategy offered by insurance companies Service revenue enhancement would use to said services, merely if, the payment are made straight by the concern entity or the insurance company concerned to the infirmary or medical constitution. Another new levy proposes to cover services provided for care of medical records of employees of a concern entity. Interestingly, the industry wish list still mostly remains ignored, exceeding the list are rationalization of upside-down responsibility rate construction for preparations, imposts duty freedom for all life salvaging drugs, rationalization of transportation pricing ordinances and so on. Clearly, a batch yet remains to be done for the life scientific disciplines industry. 2010 impact: Drug company Below is an analysis on Budget 2010 with mention to the drug company sector. Increased leaden norm of R & A ; D tax write-off to 200 % Addition in R & A ; D tax write-off positive for all R & A ; D pharmaceutical companies Excise responsibility structured remain unchanged Union Budget 2010: Drug company industry welcomes revenue enhancement inducements for R & A ; D New DELHI: Tax inducements given by the Budget for research and development made the Indian pharmaceutical houses sport a smiling but they are left inquiring if the hiking in excise responsibility to 10 per cent on all non-petroleum merchandises will be applicable to them. Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee proposed a leaden revenue enhancement tax write-off on outgo incurred in in-house research and development activities to 200 per cent from the current 150 per cent in the Budget. â€Å" We welcome the authorities ‘s move to increase leaden revenue enhancement tax write-off to 200 per cent as research and development activities is a must and in drug company sector, where it is most desperately required, † Indian Drug Manufacturers Association Executive Director Gajanan Wakankar said. However, deficiency of lucidity on whether the drug company sector would besides be covered under the increased excise on all non-petroleum merchandises from 8-10 per cent, held back the sector from observing. Presently, the drug company sector attracts 4 per cent excise responsibility after CENVAT was cut by 4 per cent in December 2008 as portion of a stimulus bundle. â€Å" We are waiting for more lucidity over the issue and so merely we will measure the impact, † Pharmaceutical exports council ( Pharmaexcil ) laminitis Chairman D B Mody said. Piramal Healthcare Director Swati Piramal besides said, â€Å" We are still looking at the ( Budget ) documents. † She, nevertheless said the revenue enhancement inducements on R & A ; D was long overdue.ADrug company: Benefit from hiking in revenue enhancement tax write-off on in-house R & A ; D offset by addition in MAT rateOverall impact of the Union Budget 2010-11 on the pharmaceuticals sector is impersonal. The hiking in leaden revenue enhancement tax write-off on in-house R & A ; D outgo ( from 150 % to 200 % ) is expected to be marginally favorable for pharmaceutical companies concentrating on new drug find such as Piramal Lifesciences, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, etc, said the taking recognition evaluation bureau Crisil. The addition in Minimum Alternate Tax ( MAT ) rate from 15 % to 18 % will hold a marginally negative impact for most of the pharmaceutical participants. Pharma participants will non be impacted by the addition in excise responsibility on majority drugs as the same is MODVATable. Adept Talk: How drug companies can utilize tax write-off as add-on Thursday March 4, 2010 07:06 autopsy PST Pharmaceutical companies got a much sought-after wish granted when FM Pranab Mukherjee said in his Budget address for 2010-11 that companies passing on in-house research and development will be taxed less. Drug shapers can subtract duplicate the sum they spend on in-house research while calculating their nonexempt income for the assessment twelvemonth 2011-12 onwards, up from the present tax write-off of one and a half times the research spend. The inducement for disbursement more money in research is welcome, but the quest for new drugs needs aggressively higher investings by the public and private sectors and a alteration in focal point from low-value imitator versions of MNC drugs to new therapies. Harmonizing to official estimations, the top 25 pharmaceutical companies in India spent about 6-7 % of their entire gross revenues on research and development in the last financial compared to the planetary norm of 12-15 % . That worked out to a paltry Rs 3,500 crore by 25 Indian companies in an industry with a turnover of Rs 90,000 crore including exports. The entire R & A ; D spend by the domestic industry is less than 1 % of the $ 130 billion spent globally on drug research. Experts say that unless Indian drug shapers spend more than 15 % of their gross revenues on research, they can non hold a noticeable presence in the universe of sophisticated, high-value, new drugs. One interesting facet is that the current research spend is chiefly for happening new methods for doing transcripts of expensive and blockbuster MNC drugs without conflicting their patents so that the transcripts can be sold in markets like the US to do windfall additions. The US allows a six-month sole selling right to the first generic transcript that enters the market without conflicting the patent protecting the original drug or by turn outing that the patent was invalid. This path involves judicial proceeding with the pioneer and entails immense legal costs. The history of patent challenges by Indian companies is dotted with a few dramatic successes and a figure of failures. The interesting portion is that the judicial proceeding cost is shown as research and development outgo by most of the Indian companies. Until Indian companies focus every bit or more on contriving their ain new drugs, Indian drug company industry can non lift in planetary stature as a manufacturer of new drugs. The present focal point on generics or imitator drugs gets reflected in statistics. Despite being the 3rd largest manufacturer of drugs by volume, Indian drug company industry stands 17th by the value of its end product because of the low-priced nature of the merchandises. Companies have echt grounds for non being able to pass on research every bit much as their planetary opposite numbers. They are smaller in size and about a 4th of the market is under monetary value control. Many Indian drug shapers are researching the possibility of acquiring licenses from the drug discoverer to do an authorized generic version which will hit the market when the original drug ‘s patent expires. The scheme is to fall in the rival if one can non crush him. The authorities is besides non able to apportion the big sums required for drug find from its revenue enhancement grosss or regular adoptions. The aid that the section of scientific discipline and engineering provides by manner of non-repayable grants and soft loans for research is besides non sufficient. Therefore, the authorities needs to happen advanced support theoretical accounts to back up new drug research. For illustration, it could present a theoretical account which mobilises financess from investors who are willing to portion the lucks of the high-risk-high-reward game of drug research and funnel it to companies with promising experimental new drugs. Recently, the Planning Commission gave the green signal to the section of pharmaceuticals to set about a elaborate undertaking study on planing such a theoretical account. The section ‘s thought is to inquire bureaus like UTI Asset Management Company to raise financess through tax-exempt bonds. The financess therefore raised will be used to construct establishments, train people and discover drugs. If the research leads to discovery of blockbuster drugs, it will profit investors, the company and the concluding consumer. Even if it fails, the authorities will vouch a minimal return on investings. It is estimated that merely one in six experimental drugs makes it to the market. Public-funded research will besides let the authorities to exert a say in the monetary value at which the concluding merchandise would be made available to the consumer. It might take several months before the finer inside informations are worked out. The FM ‘s gesture of heightening the revenue enhancement sop for research, despite unfavorable judgment that the leaden tax write-off strategy is prone to mistreat, shows the authorities ‘s committedness to advance new drug research. But much more public and private resources are needed to take the Indian industry to where the policymakers want to take it-the beginning of one in every ten new drugs invented.